Kid Spark Education | STEM School Programs | Blog

A Cut Above and Beyond: How Crosscutting  Concepts Foster Critical Thinking in Elementary and Middle School Classrooms

Written by Kid Spark Education | December 6, 2024

Crosscutting Concepts Cultivate Understanding: What Are They?

If you exist in STEM communities, you’ve likely heard of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) — a K-12 educational framework designed to give students a deeper understanding of science and engineering topics. At Kid Spark Education (KSE), we’re well-versed in the power of NGSS to transform student understanding and achievement across grade levels. The resources we create tangibly demonstrate how concepts and practices are connected across different fields, giving students a broader, more holistic understanding of the sciences — especially engineering.

The foundation of Kid Spark STEM Programs lies in the belief that every child deserves the opportunity to explore and excel in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
How? Research indicates children learn math and scientific inquiry best through hands-on engagement as tool-makers, designers, and builders: essentially, as engineers. And mastering just a few of the NGSS crosscutting concepts can prepare students for a lifetime of STEM learning.

But what exactly are these crosscutting concepts, and why are they so essential? In essence, crosscutting concepts are ideas that help students see patterns, models, and connections across multiple disciplines. Weaving crosscutting concepts into the classroom results in a more unified and meaningful learning experience, equipping students with the tools and understanding to address real-world challenges in their future pursuits. Kid Spark Education's STEM Programs for PreK-8th grade offer educators a clear and effective way to introduce cross-cutting concepts in the classroom. These programs help students make important connections while simplifying implementation for teachers.

Understanding Crosscutting Concepts and Their Role in NGSS

To further grasp the significance of crosscutting concepts and how they create a more comprehensive learning experience, understanding their role within the Next Generation Science Standards is key. The NGSS details how engineering education should not merely focus on learning facts in a vacuum but should aim to build scientific literacy through inquiry, investigation, and application. Crosscutting concepts, as one of the three dimensions of the NGSS, play an integral part in this process by helping students make sense of the world around them in more thorough, and meaningful ways.

The NGSS identifies seven specific crosscutting concepts that span various scientific disciplines:

  1. Patterns
  2. Cause and Effect
  3. Scale, Proportion, and Quantity
  4. Systems and System Models
  5. Energy and Matter
  6. Structure and Function
  7. Stability and Change

The best part? These concepts are not confined to one area of study — patterns can be identified in robotics, math, physics, earth science, and engineering. Similarly, the principle of cause and effect can be observed in ecosystems and chemical reactions. The foundational idea? To encourage students to recognize recurring ideas across multiple contexts. This will inevitably enhance their ability to apply knowledge in dvaried situations, which is precisely the point!

By using crosscutting concepts, teachers can help students develop a broader understanding of engineering, foster critical thinking, and help students learn to see connections between seemingly unrelated phenomena. This integrated approach encourages students to think like scientists (success!) and examine the world through a curious lens.

 

How Kid Spark Education Scientific and Engineering Practices Help Students Learn Crosscutting Concepts

Educators, this one’s for you — the benefits of prioritizing crosscutting concepts in your teaching can’t be overstated. First and foremost, crosscutting concepts encourage students to think in a multifaceted way, and at Kid Spark Education, we believe in introducing them early and often. We know the most effective way to close the STEM achievement gap is to expose young children to STEM subjects as soon as they enter their first classroom and to continue offering applied STEM experiences every year. Kid Spark Education programs do just that. They are designed to follow children through their entire elementary and middle school years, starting with preschool and continuing with progressive STEM learning all the way through 8th grade. 

Kid Spark Education engages students in the following eight practices, through the study of mechanical and structural engineering, rapid prototyping and 3D printing, applied mathematics, coding, and robotics in grades pre K-8th grade:

  • Asking Questions & Defining Problems: Kid Spark’s focus on engineering challenges students to question how the world works and how they might improve it.
  • Developing & Using Models: Students visualize design solutions and then create physical models that can be tested and improved.
  • Planning and Carrying Out Investigations: Kid Spark curriculum challenges students to apply what they have learned through a divergent (open-ended) design challenges where they’ll brainstorm ideas, develop prototypes, and carry out investigations on designs as they develop solutions to problems 
  • Analyzing and Interpreting Data: The Kid Spark Design & Engineering Process emphasizes students creating designs, collecting and analyzing data, and using this information to enhance their designs.
  • Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking: Reusable engineering materials enable students to explore and compute area, volume, and mechanical advantage, enhancing their understanding of applied mathematics.
  • Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions: Kid Spark’s design challenges require students to show their understanding of various STEM concepts. They must design and engineer solutions to problems that meet specific criteria and demonstrate specific ideas.
  • Engaging in Argument From Evidence: In engineering, reasoning and argument help find the best solution to a problem. Kid Spark encourages students to collaborate throughout the design process to choose, build, test, and refine the most promising solution.
  • Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information: Kid Spark’s learning experiences require students to read and interpret scientific information through hands-on convergent learning. Then students apply what they have learned in divergent design challenges, and must effectively communicate their data, evaluations, ideas, and conclusions to others, both verbally and in writing. 

Engaging students in scientific and engineering practices is essential for building and deepening their understanding of core ideas and crosscutting concepts. By actively participating in these practices, students not only gain hands-on experience but also develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This involvement allows them to connect theoretical knowledge with real-world applications, fostering a more comprehensive grasp of scientific principles and engineering processes.

Connecting Crosscutting Concepts to STEM Disciplines

One of the most powerful aspects of crosscutting concepts is their ability to connect (or, shall we say, cut across) ideas and practices across STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines. When students learn to identify and apply crosscutting concepts, they are better equipped to understand how the different STEM fields relate to each other, ultimately building a more integrated view of the world.

Take the concept of "mechanical advantage," for instance. In engineering, this might involve analyzing how levers or pulleys reduce the effort needed to move a load, while in robotics it could involve exploring how gear ratios can increase the efficiency and control of robotic movements. When students recognize that the flow of energy is a universal concept across these fields, they are better able to make connections and apply their knowledge more broadly. This kind of interdisciplinary thinking is key to solving many of the world’s most pressing problems, from developing efficient robotic technologies to designing sustainable energy systems.

By integrating these concepts into teaching, educators don’t only help students master individual subjects but also equip them with a toolkit for solving complex, real-world problems. Perfect: Practice meets the present.

Looking Ahead: The Future of Crosscutting Concepts in STEM Education

As we look to the future, the role of crosscutting concepts in STEM education will only continue to grow. The world is becoming more connected and the issues of our time are becoming more complex. Not only will implementing crosscutting concepts in the classroom become increasingly essential for providing holistic education, it will also lay the foundation for the next generation to tackle the world’s most pressing challenges. 

At Kid Spark Education, we created STEM programs for elementary school and middle school classrooms with an NGSS-aligned curriculum that teaches crosscutting concepts and more. Kid Spark also backs up our STEM labs with thorough STEM curriculum and professional learning modules, ensuring that STEM educators have full support when it comes to implementing the program.

To get started, explore our curriculum library or contact our team today to learn more about our STEM programs.